The reason:
Issue with your app
We found your app is using a non-compliant version of Vungle SDK which contains code to download or install applications from unknown sources outside of Google Play.
If necessary, you can consult your SDK provider(s) for further information.
BTW, at that time I didn't even use Vungle. I used AdMob already, but Vungle was probably an extension that stayed somewhere in the code.
I was confused that the 1st screenshot says
Publish a new compliment version of your app
So I thought that there is a still an option to upload an update.
At least people here should know that if they are going to use different from AdMob ads network they might be suspended from the store if this network is using Vungle.